THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND GOVERNMENT POLICIES IN ENHANCING SUSTAINABILITY AND EFFICIENCY IN MARITIME TRANSPORT

Abstract

The maritime industry is a vital component of global trade, but it faces significant challenges related to sustainability and operational efficiency. This study examines the role of digital technologies, including blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI), in optimizing fuel consumption, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and improving operational efficiency in maritime transport. Additionally, the study evaluates the influence of government policies and regulatory frameworks in promoting green innovation and fostering sustainable maritime practices in Nigeria. A mixed-methods research design was employed, incorporating surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis to collect insights from maritime stakeholders, including shipowners, port operators, regulatory agencies, and environmental experts. Findings indicate that 50% of maritime organizations have adopted IoT, 45% AI, and 30% blockchain, leading to measurable improvements in fuel efficiency (10-15% reduction), emissions control, and supply chain optimization. However, challenges such as high implementation costs
(40%), lack of technical expertise (35%), and weak digital infrastructure (30%) hinder widespread adoption. Furthermore, government policies such as the MARPOL regulations, NIMASA’s environmental policies, and the Nigerian Port Authority's sustainability initiatives have played a
moderate role in driving green innovation. Despite 55% of respondents acknowledging MARPOL’s influence, policy enforcement remains weak, with 45% rating government regulations as only "somewhat effective." Financial constraints and limited regulatory incentives further
hinder compliance with green maritime policies. The study concludes that while digital technologies have the potential to transform Nigeria’s maritime sector, stronger regulatory enforcement, increased financial incentives, and investment in digital infrastructure are required
for effective implementation. Key recommendations include tax reliefs, subsidies for green technologies, improved training programs, and partnerships between the government and private sector to enhance sustainability and efficiency in maritime operations.