STCW COMPLIANCE IN NIGERIAN SEAPORTS: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AND GLOBAL BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS

Abstract

The Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) Convention establishes global benchmarks for maritime safety and crew competence. Although Nigeria is a signatory, enforcement gaps and limited refresher training undermine full compliance. This study evaluates STCW compliance among merchant ships visiting Nigerian ports, highlights barriers, and suggests improvements aligned with international best practices. A descriptive survey of 310 maritime professionals—including officers, crew, and regulators was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and thematic interpretation. Findings indicate strong compliance in certification (58.1% “always,” 29.0% “often”), documentation verification (70.9%), and inspections (61.3%). However, 12–19% reported “rarely” or “never” complying with certain provisions, reflecting resource and enforcement challenges. Significant differences emerged across stakeholder groups (p < 0.001). Most respondents endorsed digital certificate verification (86.5%), transparent enforcement mechanisms (83.9%), and regular refresher courses (87.4%). The study concludes that Nigeria has established a compliance foundation, but sustained progress requires institutional capacity building, technology-driven oversight, and closer collaboration with the International Maritime Organization