PORT CONNECTIVITY AND MARITIME TRADE PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPORT AND EXPORT ACTIVITIES

Abstract

Port connectivity is a critical determinant of maritime trade performance, influencing the 
efficiency of import and export activities in developing economies. This study examines the 
relationship between port connectivity and maritime trade performance in Nigeria from 2000 to 
2024. Using secondary time series data from the Nigerian Ports Authority, the National Bureau of 
Statistics, the Central Bank of Nigeria, and UNCTAD, the study employs Ordinary Least Squares 
regression, cointegration tests, and diagnostic checks. The theoretical framework is anchored on 
Network Theory, Transport Infrastructure Theory, Global Trade and Supply Chain Theory, and 
Hub-and-Spoke Theory. Findings reveal that cargo throughput has a significant positive effect on 
maritime trade performance (coefficient = 2.148, p = 0.000), while vessel turnaround time shows 
a significant negative relationship with trade performance (coefficient = -1.876, p = 0.032). About 
74% of variations in Nigeria's Liner Shipping Connectivity Index are explained by TEU container 
shipping volumes, cargo throughput, ship traffic calls, and operational factors. The study 
concludes that port connectivity is a fundamental determinant of maritime trade performance in 
Nigeria. Recommendations include investment in port infrastructure, reduction of vessel 
turnaround time, streamlining of customs procedures, and implementation of the National Single 
Window.